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Neurodevelopmental disorders are impairments of the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system. A narrower use of the term refers to a disorder of brain function that affects emotion, learning ability, self-control and memory and that unfolds as the individual grows. The term is sometimes erroneously used as an exclusive synonym for autism and autism spectrum disorders. Disorders considered neurodevelopmental in origin, or that have neurodevelopmental consequences when they occur in infancy and childhood, include: * Autism and autism spectrum disorders such as Asperger syndrome * Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder * Motor disorders including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder and the tic disorders including Tourette syndrome. * Traumatic brain injury (including congenital injuries such as those that cause cerebral palsy) * Communication, speech and language disorders * Genetic disorders, such as fragile-X syndrome * Down syndrome〔http://www.nads.org/pages_new/facts.html Facts about down syndrome〕 * Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder * Mendelsohnn's Syndrome * Schizophrenia * Schizotypal Personality Disorder Neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with widely varying degrees of difficulty which may have significant mental, emotional, physical, and economic consequences for individuals, and in turn their families and society in general. ==Causes== The development of the brain is orchestrated, tightly regulated, and genetically encoded process with clear influence from the environment. This suggests that any deviation from this program early in life can result in neurodevelopmental disorders and, depending on specific timing, might lead to distinct pathology later in life. 〔 〕 Because of that, there are many causes of neurodevelopmental disorder, which can range from deprivation, genetic and metabolic diseases, immune disorders, infectious diseases, nutritional factors, physical trauma, and toxic and environmental factors. Some neurodevelopmental disorders—such as autism and other pervasive developmental disorders—are considered multifactorial syndromes (with many causes but more specific neurodevelopmental manifestation). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neurodevelopmental disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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